AbstractsEngineering

"An experimental laboratory study conducted to examine clogging within and penetration of fines into a single layer graded filter. Hydraulic gradient, filter gradation and flow direction were varied. Forty one tests gave over six hundred individual penetration depths. The magnitude of penetration in filters with considerable variation in gradation patterns correlated with an average hydraulic radius based on the volume of voids and an approximated total surface area. It has been shown than an increased thickness of poorly graded filter will stop penetration such as that caused by seepage erosion. A relationship between hydraulic radius, penetration depth and probability of penetration has been presented" – Abstract (1), page v.