Abstracts

Pricing Financial Derivatives with the FiniteDifference Method

by Sargon Danho




Institution: KTH
Department:
Year: 2017
Keywords: American Call Option; Black-Scholes Equation; European Option; Finite Difference Method; Heat Equation; Optimal Exercise Boundary; Optimal Exit Boundary; Stock Loan; Amerikanska kpoptioner; Black-Scholes ekvation; europeiska optioner; finita differensmetoden; vrmeledningsekvationen; optimala omvandlingsgrns; optimala avyttringsgrns; ln med aktier som skerhet; Computational Mathematics; Berkningsmatematik
Posted: 02/01/2018
Record ID: 2168815
Full text PDF: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213551


Abstract

In this thesis, important theories in financial mathematics will be explained and derived. These theories will later be used to value financial derivatives. An analytical formula for valuing European call and put option will be derived and European call options will be valued under the Black-Scholes partial differential equation using three different finite difference methods. The Crank-Nicholson method will then be used to value American call options and solve their corresponding free boundary value problem. The optimal exercise boundary can then be plotted from the solution of the free boundary value problem. The algorithm for valuing American call options will then be further developed to solve the stock loan problem. This will be achieved by exploiting a link that exists between American call options and stock loans. The Crank-Nicholson method will be used to value stock loans and their corresponding free boundary value problem. The optimal exit boundary can then be plotted from the solution of the free boundary value problem. The results that are obtained from the numerical calculations will finally be used to discuss how different parameters affect the valuation of American call options and the valuation of stock loans. In the end of the thesis, conclusions about the effect of the different parameters on the optimal prices will be presented. I det hr kandidatexamensarbetet kommer fundamentala teorier inom finansiell matematik frklaras och hrledas. Dessa teorier kommer lgga grunden fr vrderingen av finansiella derivat i detta arbete. En analytisk formel fr att vrdera europeiska kp- och sljoptioner kommer att hrledas. Dessutom kommer europeiska kpoptioner att vrderas numeriskt med tre olika finita differensmetoder. Den finita differensmetoden Crank-Nicholson kommer sedan anvndas fr att vrdera amerikanska kpoptioner och lsa det fria grnsvrdesproblemet (free boundary value problem). Den optimala omvandlingsgrnsen (Optimal Exercise Boundary) kan drefter hrledas frn det fria grnsvrdesproblemet. Algoritmen fr att vrdera amerikanska kpoptioner utkas drefter till att vrdera ln med aktier som skerhet. Detta kan stadkommas genom att utnyttja ett samband mellan amerikanska kpoptioner med ln dr aktier anvnds som skerhet. Den finita differensmetoden Crank-Nicholson kommer dessutom att anvndas fr att vrdera ln med aktier som skerhet. Den optimala avyttringsgrnsen (Optimal Exit Boundary) kan drefter hrledas frn det fria grnsvrdesproblemet. Resultaten frn de numeriska berkningarna kommer slutligen att anvndas fr att diskutera hur olika parametrar pverkar vrderingen av amerikanska kpoptioner, samt vrdering av ln med aktier som skerhet. Avslutningsvis kommer slutsatser om effekterna av dessa parametrar att presenteras.