AbstractsPhilosophy & Theology

The most valuable material contained in Volumes XXXVIII (19~7-1928) through XLVIII (1937-1938) of the International Journal of Ethics is found in the articles dealing with the history of ethics. In the several discussions of Hindu ethics there are presented conflicting views of the importance of personality, but general support of the doctrine of transmigration of souls and its justification of the caste system. Two writers on Socrates are in disagreement over the extent to which he went beyond the individualistic standards of the Sophists and appealed to the controlling factor of transcendent reason. Plato's metaphysically grounded support of social progress, his political emphasis, and his failure to define justice are considered points of special importance. The entire philosophy of Aristotle is seen as a reflection of his political environment, especially of the relation between the Macedonian emperor and the Greek city states. Discussions over the merits of Hedonism center about whether ethical Hedonism can be reduced to psychological Hedonism, presenting strong evidence that it can. The unique contribution of Jesus is claimed to lie in his altruism. St. Augustine's thought is shown as an example of religion stimulating and supporting fruitful philosophical effort.