AbstractsChemistry

Platinum-based DNA binding agents as telomerase inhibitors and cancer therapeutics

by Roxanne Kieltyka




Institution: McGill University
Department: Department of Chemistry
Degree: PhD
Year: 2009
Keywords: Chemistry - Inorganic
Record ID: 1854476
Full text PDF: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile66820.pdf


Abstract

The targeting of key processes encountered in cancer may rest in the telomeres found at the end of eukaryotic chromosome. In somatic cells, with each cellular division the length of the telomere decreases, eventually reaching a critical length that signals apoptosis. Conversely in cancerous cells, the length of the telomere is maintained by the reverse transcriptase enzyme telomerase. This enzyme operates on the long single stranded extreme 3'-terminus of the telomere that consists mostly of guanine bases. There is evidence that telomerase can be inhibited by the folding of this G-rich portion of the telomere into a quadruplex structure, consisting of a planar arrangement of four guanine bases held together by a Hoogsteen hydrogen bonded array. Therefore, it is of great interest to create small molecules that bind strongly and preferentially to the G-quadruplex DNA motif for telomerase inhibition as a cancer therapy. Thus far, there have been many elegant studies on organic G-quadruplex binders that have appeared, but examples involving inorganic complexes are rare. Implementation of transition metals in these scaffolds provides the opportunity to generate G-quadruplex binders of multiple geometries beyond those that carbon can access. Comparatively speaking, introduction of metals into these scaffolds can lead to simplified syntheses of these binders over their organic counterparts with generation of compound libraries able to selectively target G-quadruplex DNA. A first generation of phenanthroimidazole platinum(II) complexes were synthesized, containing large π-surfaces that can bias their binding to G-quadruplex DNA. In comparison to a bipyridine platinum(II) complex, binding affinity and selectivity for the intermolecular Gquadruplex, (T4G4T4)4 is compared through UV-Vis titrations, thermal denaturation, competitive dialysis, circular dichroism and molecular modeling. In an attempt to place our stu Le ciblage des mécanismes clés du cancer pourrait se situer au niveau des télomères positionnés à l'extrémité du chromosome eucaryote. La télomère raccourcis lors de la division des cellules somatiques pour atteindre éventuellement une longueur critique signalant l'apoptose. Chez les cellules cancérigènes, la longueur du télomère est maintenue par la télomérase. Cette enzyme fonctionne spécifiquement sur le simple brin d'ADN situé à l'extrémité 3'-terminal du télomère, qui est composé en majeur partie de guanines (G). Il existe des preuves que l'activité de la télomérase peut être inhibée par le repliement de cette région du télomère riche en bases G. La structure quadruplexe ainsi formée est composée d'un arrangement planaire de quatre bases guanines tenu ensemble par une pléiade de liaison d'hydrogène de Hoogsteen. Par conséquent, il est de grand intérêt pour le traitement thérapeutique du cancer de créer de molécules qui ont la capacité de se lier solidement et préférentiellement à la structure G-quadruplexe de l'ADN. Il…