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Characterisation and treatment of patients with port wine stains with special reference to the emotional impact

by Agneta Troilius

Institution: University of Lund
Department:
Degree:
Year: 1999
Keywords: PWS; capillary malformation; pulsed dye laser; laser doppler imager; ultrasound; psychosocial impact; depth; reflectance spectrophotometry; Dermatologi; venereologi; venereology; Dermatology; Medicine and Health Sciences
Posted:
Record ID: 1367693
Full text PDF: http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/40030 http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/40030/file/1030376.pdf


Abstract

This thesis covers 12 years of experience in treating patients with congenital capillary malformations, so called port wine stains (PWS). The wide variation in treatment response to laser therapy has developed a profound need for the development of objective devises to measure treatment outcome, so that the maximum effectiveness of therapy can be achieved without unnecessary treatments. The purpose has been to better characterise PWS with the emphasis on blood flow, erythema, depth, so that the results of the treatment can be better (if possible) predicted, followed, documented and improved. We found that laser doppler imaging (LDI-a new technique) in the measurement of blood flow in PWS was more useful in research settings than as a predictive tool. Reflectance spectrophotometry has been superior to LDI in the prediction of the outcome of PWS therapy. It is objective and correlates well with clinical results and is also portable and easy to use. Skin ultrasound can help to characterise the PWS in the majority of patients and may help to predict the outcome of PDL treatment. With the help of special questionnaires, developed in collaboration with a child and adolescent psychiatrist, we have investigated the psychological and psychosocial impact a PWS can have on the individual according to the individual themselves or their family members. There is a high risk of developing negative parameters e.g. low self- esteem, school problems and difficulties in social relationships if you have a PWS, but the majority of these negative parameters can improve after the treatments. Mellan 0.3 och 2.1 % av alla barn föds med portvins fläckar (PWS). Till skillnad mot vissa andra kärlmissbildningar försvinner inte PWS utan tvärtom blir många mer blåröda och tjockare med åren. Majoriteten av patienterna upplever sig vara negativt psykosocialt påverkade av sitt PWS i jämförelse med jämnåriga. Dessa negativa upplevelser minskar efter behandlingarna.(Se Studie V-VI). Tidigare har inte denna typ av kärlmissbildning behandlats rutinmässigt på grund av risk för misslyckande. Men i mitten av 1980 talet inleddes behandling av äldre patienter med argon laser. Den medförde dock viss risk för ärrbildning och därför kom behandlingen från 1990 att ske med pulsad färgämnes laser (PDL). PDL hade en kortare pulslängd och dessutom stämde våglängden med blodkärlens upptag av ljuset. Även spädbarn kunde behandlas. Den nya behandlingen ökade kraftigt i volym. Snart upptäcktes att flera PWS endast blivit partiellt blekta. Det var framför allt de som i utgångsläget var homogent bleka eller kraftigt blåröda och tjocka. Även de PWS som fanns mitt i ansiktet var svårbehandlade. Många laserkirurger misstänkte att det kunde bero på att PDL inte gick tillräckligt djupt ned i huden och att kärlen antingen var för tunna eller för tjocka. Om kärlen var för tjocka påverkades bara en liten del av PDL, var de för tunna kunde den uteblivna effekten bero på att laserljuset försvann rätt igenom utan att förstöra kärlen. Vi studerade därför blodflödet,…

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