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Functional cross talk between NOD1 and NOD2 with SOCS proteins in regulating immunity

by Marc Ouellette

Institution: McGill University
Year: 2016
Keywords: Physiology
Posted: 02/05/2017
Record ID: 2063960
Full text PDF: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile139263.pdf


Abstract

Pattern recognition molecules (PRM) are important components of the innate immune response in recognizing the presence of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) and Nod2 proteins of the PRM family of Nod-like receptors (NLR) have shown to play an important roles in modulating the inflammatory response through specific recognition of molecular constituents of bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN). The importance of Nod1- and Nod2-mediated PGN recognition was recently underlined as Nod1- and Nod2-deficient mice were found to have defects in mounting antimicrobial T and B cell immunity with an especially marked reduction of type 1 immune responses. One hypothesis is that interferon-gamma (IFNγ) induced early in infection synergizes with Nod1 and Nod2 stimulation, instructing antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to release factors that drive an inflammatory response. Since suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are key regulators of IFN signaling, the objective of this research project is to elucidate the functional cross-talk between Nod1 and Nod2 with SOCS proteins in regulating immunity. La détection d'organismes microbiens par les récepteurs de reconnaissance de motifs moléculaires (PRM : pattern recognition molecules) du système immunitaire inné, qui reconnaissent la présence des motifs moléculaires associés aux microbes (microbe-associated molecular patterns, MAMP) et des motifs moléculaires associés au danger (danger-associated molecular patterns, DAMP), représente une étape cruciale dans l'initiation de la réponse immunitaire. Les récepteurs cytoplasmiques de nucléotides Nod1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 1) et Nod2 de la famille des PRM des NLR (Nod-like receptors) jouent un rôle important dans la modulation de la réponse inflammatoire, suite à la reconnaissance des constituants moléculaires du peptidoglycane bactérien (PGN). L'importance de la reconnaissance des PGN par Nod1 et Nod2 a récemment été mis en évidence par l'utilisation des souris déficientes en Nod1/Nod2, dont les cellules T et B sont incapables de générer une réponse antimicrobienne adéquate, en plus d'avoir une réduction marquée de la réponse immunitaire de type 1. Une hypothèse possible est que l'interféron gamma (IFNy) induit au début de l'infection agit en synergie avec Nod1 et Nod2, dictant aux cellules présentatrices d'antigène (APC), telles que les macrophages et les cellules dendritiques (DC), de libérer des facteurs qui produisent une réponse inflammatoire. Puisque les protéines suppressives de la signalisation des cytokines (SOCS : suppressor of cytokine signaling) sont des régulateurs importants de la signalisation de l'IFN, l'objectif de ce projet de recherche est d'élucider les interactions fonctionnelles entre Nod1, Nod2 et les protéines SOCS dans la régulation de l'immunité. Advisors/Committee Members: Jörg Fritz (Internal/Supervisor).

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