Abstracts Earth and Environmental Sciences

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A study of earthquakes along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Charlie-Gibbs and the Azores

by Bjarni Harðarson Hörður

Institution: University of Iceland
Year: 2016
Keywords: Jarðfræði
Posted: 02/05/2017
Record ID: 2134511
Full text PDF: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/26218


Abstract

This thesis gives a seismicity overview of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone and the Azores during the period of 1955-2015. The fault plane solutions on the ridge mostly show normal faulting which is to be expected on a spreading ridge. A few earthquakes produced reverse or transform faulting, the ones occurring close to the axis coincided with transforms on the ridge. Intraplate events are relatively common, showing mostly reverse faulting. The earthquakes follow the axis quite uniformly, the northern part showing a more diffuse nature, the middle following the axis whereas the southern part shows some signs of diffusion. On several locations the activity decreased considerably showing very few or no events. The most prominent around 42°N and 41°N along with 50.5°N, 49°N, 48.5°N, 44°N, 44.8°N and 44.2°N. A zone of increased activity can be seen around 45°N. A total number of 27 sequences were recorded, the five largest with close proximity with transform faults showing a possible link thereof. A Gutenberg-Richter value of 1.74 calculated for the ridge is close to expected values for a spreading ridge. Examining the seismic moment reveals an increase towards the south, peaking at around 43°N, plummeting thereafter and continually rising again towards the south. Spreading rates and azimuth calculated for the ridge are in unison with previous findings with values between 22.21-23.96 mm/year, the azimuth changing (north-south) from 91.23° to 91.02°. Þessi ritgerð veitir yfirlit yfir skjálftavirkni á Miðatlantshafshryggnum á milli Charlie-Gibbs þverbrotabeltisins og Azoraeyja á tímabilinu 1955-2015. Brotlausnir á hryggnum sýna að mestu leiti siggengislausnir sem við má búast á fráreksbelti. Nokkrir skjálftar sýndu samgengis- eða þverbrotalausnir, skjálftarnir sem áttu sér stað á eða við hrygginn voru yfirleitt í nálægð við þvergengi. Innanflekaskjálftar voru nokkuð algengir og sýndu að mestu samgengislausnir. Skjálftarnir fylgja hryggnum nokkuð vel þar sem nyrsti hlutinn virðist dreifðari ásamt minna dreifðum syðri hluta. Miðhlutinn er þéttastur og sýnir mestu fylgni við hrygginn. Nokkrar staðsetningar á hryggnum sýna lægðir í skjálftavirkni þar sem lítil eða engin virkni er, mest áberandi í kringum 41 og 42°N. Aðrir minna áberandi staðir eru; 50.5, 49, 48.5, 44.8, 44.2 og 44°N. Svæði með aukinni virkni má sjá við 45°N. Alls fundust 27 skjálftahrinur, þær fimm stærstu allar í nálægð við þvergengi sem bendir til tengsla þar á. Gutenberg-Ricther b-gildið 1.74 var reiknað fyrir hrygginn og er nálægt því sem búist var við fyrir frárekshrygg. Skjálftavægið sýndi aukningu í átt að suðri með topp við 43°N, eftir það datt virknin niður og reis aftur í átt að suðri. Reiknuð gildi rekhraða fyrir hrygginn var 22.21-23.96 mm/ári. Stefnan byrjaði í 91.23° nyrst og endaði í 91.02° syðst á hryggnum.

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