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Synthesis and characterization of magnetron-sputtered TaN thin films for the photoelectrolysis of water : Synthse et caractrisation des couches minces de TaN labores par pulvrisation cathodique pour la photo-lectrolyse de l'eau

by Martin Rudolph

Institution: Paris Saclay
Year: 2017
Keywords: Pulvrisation cathodique; Oxy-nitrure de tantale; Photo-lectrolyse; TaN; Magnetron sputtering; Tantalum oxi-nitride; Photoelectrolysis; TaN
Posted: 02/01/2018
Record ID: 2151174
Full text PDF: http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS094


Abstract

Le TaN fait partie des matriaux les plus prometteurs pour la photo-lectrolyse de leau. En effet, la bande de valence et la bande de conduction sont situes autour du potentiel dvolution de lhydrogne et de loxygne et son petit gap (2.1eV) permet labsorption dune grande partie du spectre solaire. Par contre la synthse de ce matriau est difficile cause de la structure riche en azote (faible diffusion) et de ltat doxydation lev du Ta (+5) dans le cristal de TaN. Sa synthse par pulvrisation cathodique est peu exploite ce jour, malgr que cette technique de dpt permette daugmenter le rapport ion-neutre arrivant sur le film en croissance et donc de fournir de lnergie supplmentaire la surface du film favorisant ainsi la cristallisation. Lors cette thse, des couches minces de TaN ont t dposes par pulvrisation cathodique dans une atmosphre ractive. Il y est montr que la pulvrisation dune cible de Ta produit des Ar rtrodiffuss avec des nergies leves qui augmentent lincorporation de dfauts dans la couche lorsque la polarisation de la cible est leve. Des films de TaN ont t dposs en mode continu ce qui a permis de maintenir une polarisation faible. Il a t mis en vidence que loxygne incorpor dans le cristal joue un rle crucial pour la dposition du film de TaN. De plus, loxygne influence fortement les proprits des couches minces, notamment les proprits optiques et lectroniques. Un nouveau systme, augmentant le flux dions vers le substrat, a t install dans le racteur de dpt ce qui a augment le degr de cristallisation de la phase TaN. Les connaissances acquises lors de cette thse ont t utilises pour prparer des photoanodes partir de TaN et leur aptitude dcomposer leau sous lillumination du soleil a t dmontre. TaN is one of the most promising candidates for efficient water splitting using sunlight due to its band positions with respect to the oxygen and hydrogen evolution potentials and its small band gap of 2.1eV. Its synthesis, however, is challenging given its high content of nitrogen, with its low diffusivity, and the Ta metal atom in a high oxidation state. Few investigations into its synthesis by magnetron sputtering exist to date although this technique offers the possibility of tuning the ion-to-neutral flux ratio onto the growing film. This can change the supply of energy onto its surface and therefore promote the crystallization. In this thesis, reactive magnetron sputtering is investigated for the preparation of TaN thin films. It is shown that sputtering of a Ta target in an Ar atmosphere produces energetic backscattered Ar neutrals at high target potentials. To keep the potential low, TaN is deposited by sputtering in DC mode. The growth of the TaN phase requires the incorporation of oxygen into the lattice. It is shown that optical and electronic properties of these samples vary strongly with the precise amount of oxygen in the thin film. Samples with a high degree of crystallinity are obtained byAdvisors/Committee Members: Hugon, Marie-Christine (thesis director), Bouchet, Brigitte (thesis director).

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