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by Lauri Kaldame
Institution: | Tartu University |
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Year: | 2017 |
Keywords: | elementaarosakeste fsika; fermionid; spinn; kvargid; Higgsi bosonid; leptonid; elementary particle physics; fermions; spin; quarks; Higgs bosons; leptons |
Posted: | 02/01/2018 |
Record ID: | 2154846 |
Full text PDF: | http://hdl.handle.net/10062/55846 |
Kik, mida me neme vi saame katsuda, on tehtud aatomitest. Siiski on tnapevane arusaam erinev Demokritose antiiksest arvamusest ja aatomid ei ole need kige viksemad ehituskivid. Tnapevased maailma ehituskivid on elementaarosakesed nagu elektronid, kvargid ja bosonid. Kegakatsutava ning silmanhtava asja kokkupanemiseks on vaja hoomamatult suurt hulka selliseid ehituskive.Kui uurida kige viksemaid asju, siis ilmneb paratamatult, et nende kitumine ei vasta meie igapevastele kogemustele phinevatele ootustele. Kvantmehaanika maailmas on tiesti vimalik, et mni asi on korraga kahes erinevas kohas ja et asjad on samaaegselt nii asjad kui ka lained. Lisaks teada-tuntud asju kirjeldavatele omadustele nagu mass vi pikkus, on veel ka selliseid omadusi, mida leldse suurtele asjadele omistada ei saa, niteks spinn. Kesoleva doktorit sisuks on mnede konkreetsete elementaarosakestega toimuvate teatavate konkreetsete protsesside tpsem kirjeldamine. Uuritakse koos tekkinud top-kvargi ja selle antiosakese spinnide omavahelist seotust ehk korrelatsiooni ning kirjeldatakse leptoni mju Higgsi bosoni lagunemisprotsessile. Arvutatakse spinn-spinn-korrelatsioonide esimest jrku parandeid ning ksitletakse spinn-spinn-korrelatsioonide mtmise vimalust kvargi lagunemisproduktide liikumissuundade nurkade abil. Higgsi bosoni lagunemisprotsessi arvutamisel vetakse arvesse vimalike tekkivate leptonite masse ning leitakse leptoni massi mju Higgsi bosoni lagunemise tenosusele. Arvutuste unikaalsus seisneb spinnide ja masside kaasamises ning tulemuste analtilises vljenduses, mis vimaldab tpsemalt uurida sltuvust erinevatest parameetritest ja arvutada tulemuste kitumist erinevatel piirjuhtudel. Need leiud heidavad valgust massi- ja spinniefektidele osakeste lagunemisel ja sellest juhinduvalt saab tulevastes eksperimentides lbi viia tpsemaid vrdlusi elementaarosakeste fsika Standardmudeliga.Selle uurimuse eesmrgiks ei ole hegi konkreetse tnapevase kesoleva probleemi lahendamine. Motivatsiooniks ja liikumapanevaks juks hoopis inimkonna teadmiste horisondi nihutamine ja seelbi tuleviku tehnoloogiatele vundamendi rajamine.; Everything we see and touch in the world, is built up from atoms. However, different from Democritus antique opinion, atoms are not the fundamental building blocks. Nowadays elementary building blocks are elementary particles like electrons, quarks and bosons. Therefore, to make a tangible and visible thing, an unfathomable number of such tiny building blocks is necessary.If one studies the tiniest things, then it will be inevitably revealed that their behaviour does not comply with our expectations which are based on everyday experience. In the realm of quantum mechanics it is entirely possible for a particle to be in two places at once or to be simultaneously a thing and a wave. In addition to well-known properties that describe items like mass or length, there are some properties (like spin) that cannot be applied to big things.The essence of the thesis is a moreAdvisors/Committee Members: Groote, Stefan, juhendaja (advisor).
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