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by Fabio Francescangeli
Institution: | Universit Lille I Sciences et Technologies |
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Year: | 2017 |
Keywords: | Microfaunes; 577.77 |
Posted: | 02/01/2018 |
Record ID: | 2156366 |
Full text PDF: | http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10021 |
Les foraminifres sont des organismes unicellulaires ubiquistes des habitats marins. Les foraminifres benthiques modernes ont des caractristiques spcifiques (comme par exemple une abondance et une diversit leves, une excellente prservation) qui en font un excellent outil pour mettre en vidence des changements environnementaux globaux et locaux. Dans un proche pass, les estuaires de la rgion des Hauts-de-France ont subi des influences humaines. Les objectifs principaux de ce travail sont 1) dcrire les distributions des foraminifres benthiques, et 2) investiguer leurs rponses aux variations court-terme ( lchelle des saisons) et long-terme (centaines dannes) dans les zones naturelles contamines et non contamines de la rgion. Lanalyse des microfaunes est associe aux analyses sdimentologiques et gochimiques, pour mieux comprendre le contrle qu'ont les paramtres environnementaux sur les variations spatiales et temporales des foraminifres benthiques. Dans le milieu intertidal, diffrentes associations de foraminifres vivants sont distingues en relation avec les principaux paramtres guides identifis dans la rgion des Hauts-de-France. Les observations sur le long-terme ont permis de distinguer des transformations naturelles et anthropiques, travers la surveillance des variations des foraminifres benthiques. Ltude dmontre le potentiel des foraminifres comme bioindicateurs pour des applications dans la surveillance environnementale. Foraminifera are unicellular eukaryotes widespread in all marine environments. Modern benthic foraminifera own specific characteristics (i.e., high abundance, high diversity, easy to collect, well preserved) that make them good tools to highlight global and local environmental changes. Over the recent past the estuarine areas of the Hauts-de-France region, experienced differential degree of human disturbance. The principal objectives of this work are within this area, 1) to describe the benthic foraminiferal distributions and 2) to investigate their response to short- (annual and seasonal) and long-term (hundred years) environmental changes. This has been performed across both pristine and anthopogenized intertidal areas of the region. Faunal analyses have been coupled with sedimentological and geochemical analyses, to better understand the control of environmental parameters on driving spatial and temporal variations of benthic foraminifera. Different intertidal living foraminiferal assemblages are distinguished reflecting the main environmental drivers identified in the Hauts-de-France region. Long-term scale observations have allowed distinguishing both natural and human-induced environmental transformations through monitoring benthic foraminiferal changings. The study demonstrates the potential of foraminifera as bioindicators for application in environmental monitoring.Advisors/Committee Members: Trentesaux, Alain (thesis director), Bouchet, Vincent (thesis director), Armynot du Chtelet, ric (thesis director).
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