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Fitting distances and dimension reduction methods with applications : Mthodes dajustement et de rduction de dimension avec applications

by Hiba Alawieh

Institution: Universit Lille I Sciences et Technologies
Year: 2017
Keywords: Pnalisation (statistique); Mthode de Metropolis Hastings; 519.535
Posted: 02/01/2018
Record ID: 2159344
Full text PDF: http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10018


Abstract

Dans la plupart des tudes, le nombre de variables peut prendre des valeurs leves ce qui rend leur analyse et leur visualisation assez difficile. Cependant, plusieurs mthodes statistiques ont t conues pour rduire la complexit de ces donnes et permettant ainsi une meilleure comprhension des connaissances disponibles dans ces donnes. Dans cette thse, notre objectif est de proposer deux nouvelles mthodes danalyse des donnes multivaries intitules en anglais : " Multidimensional Fitting" et "Projection under pairwise distance control". La premire mthode est une drive de la mthode de positionnement multidimensionnelle dont lapplication ncessite la disponibilit des deux matrices dcrivant la mme population : une matrice de coordonnes et une matrice de distances et lobjective est de modifier la matrice des coordonnes de telle sorte que les distances calcules sur cette matrice soient les plus proches possible des distances observes sur la matrice de distances. Nous avons largi deux extensions de cette mthode : la premire en pnalisant les vecteurs de modification des coordonnes et la deuxime en prenant en compte les effets alatoires qui peuvent intervenir lors de la modification. La deuxime mthode est une nouvelle mthode de rduction de dimension base sur la projection non linaire des donnes dans un espace de dimension rduite et qui tient en compte la qualit de chaque point projet pris individuellement dans lespace rduit. La projection des points seffectue en introduisant des variables supplmentaires, qui sappellent "rayons", et indiquent dans quelle mesure la projection dun point donn est prcise. In various studies the number of variables can take high values which makes their analysis and visualization quite difficult. However, several statistical methods have been developed to reduce the complexity of these data, allowing a better comprehension of the knowledge available in these data. In this thesis, our aim is to propose two new methods of multivariate data analysis called: " Multidimensional Fitting" and "Projection under pairwise distance control". The first method is a derivative of multidimensional scaling method (MDS) whose the application requires the availability of two matrices describing the same population: a coordinate matrix and a distance matrix and the objective is to modify the coordinate matrix such that the distances calculated on the modified matrix are as close as possible to the distances observed on the distance matrix. Two extensions of this method have been extended: the first by penalizing the modification vectors of the coordinates and the second by taking into account the random effects that may occur during the modification. The second method is a new method of dimensionality reduction techniques based on the non-linearly projection of the points in a reduced space by taking into account the projection quality of each projected point taken individually in the reduced space. The projection of the points is done by introducing additionalAdvisors/Committee Members: Wicker, Nicolas (thesis director), Al Ayoubi, Baydaa (thesis director).

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