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by Florin Unga
Institution: | Universit Lille I Sciences et Technologies |
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Year: | 2017 |
Keywords: | Poussire dsertique; Pollution urbaine; 551.511 3 |
Posted: | 02/01/2018 |
Record ID: | 2159711 |
Full text PDF: | http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10023 |
Les arosols troposphriques influencent la composition chimique de latmosphre, le bilan radiatif terrestre et le climat. Aprs formation, les arosols subissent des processus de vieillissement altrant leurs proprits microphysiques et chimiques. Ltude de limpact environnemental des arosols diffrentes chelles spatio-temporelles doit donc tenir compte des transformations physico-chimiques. Les objectifs poursuivis sont : (i) dtudier par microscopie analytique lectronique balayage et en transmission la composition lmentaire et l'tat de mlange des particules atmosphriques prleves lors d'pisodes de charge leve en arosol ; (ii) danalyser les effets des proprits microphysiques sur les caractristiques optiques mesures et restitues par tldtection ; (iii) de proposer un paramtrage ainsi quune reprsentation de la composition et de la structure des particules dans les algorithmes de tldtection. Ces travaux portent sur des observations dans le Nord de la France et en Afrique de lOuest (Sngal) dans le cadre du Labex CaPPA et des campagnes de terrain SHADOW. Sont inclues des analyses complmentaires de la composition chimique et de la structure de particules individuelles, de mesures in situ et par tldtection de particules urbano-industrielles, dsertiques et de biomasse prleves en surface et diffrentes altitudes. Une srie de simulations numriques ont t utilises dans le but d'analyser la sensibilit des observations par tldtection ltat de mlange des arosols. Enfin, l'intgration d'un paramtrage de la structure en "core-shell" des particules dans les algorithmes de restitution est prsente en perspective. Tropospheric aerosols play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, Earths radiative budget and climate. After their generation, aerosol can suffer ageing processes and altering their physicochemical properties. An accurate accounting for these processes requires observations of the aerosol properties on different temporal and spatial scales. The current thesis work is dedicated to: (i) study of physicochemical properties and mixing state of individual particles by means of analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy for aerosols collected during episodes of elevated aerosol loading; (ii) analysis of the effect of microphysical properties on optical characteristics as measured and retrieved by remote sensing; and (iii) investigation of possible parameterization of aerosol composition and structure in remote sensing algorithms. The work presents observations conducted in northern France and western Africa (Senegal) as part of Labex CaPPA project and SHADOW field campaigns. It includes simultaneous analyses of collected individual particles composition and structure, remote sensing and in situ observations of urban/industrial, Saharan dust and biomass burning particles near the surface and on different altitudes. A series of numerical simulation devoted to an analysis of sensitivity of remote sensing observations to aerosol mixing state isAdvisors/Committee Members: Goloub, Philippe (thesis director), Chol, Marie (thesis director), Derimian, Yevgeny (thesis director).
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