Library Business

Commercial companies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are internationalising at an increasing pace. Yet little is known about the management of NGOs during this process. Indeed, they have been neglected by comparison to the literature on companies.

This thesis draws on theories of how and why companies internationalise to determine whether the explanations they offer can be extended to cover NGOs. It considers the driving forces experienced by NGOs, the stages they pass through.

This was undertaken through a postal survey using results from 52 international NGOs from Europe and the US. The findings were later considered in relation to four case studies of NGOs; two relatively small NGOs, which have internationalised slowly, and two larger and faster NGOs, to give practical examples and a wider insight into internationalisation.

The results indicate that for driving force theories to be applicable to NGOs they need to take into account NGOs strong internal motivation to meet "needs", the varying influence of drivers on different NGOs and the separate roles drivers play for NGOs. For stage theories the results suggest that there are similarities and differences with companies, and that Federations may follow a parallel route to other NGOs.

The results also suggest that NGO managers should pay critical attention to the range of driving forces, both internal and external, that apply to their organisation. Managers should also be prepared for problems with their overseas branches before they reach the stage of being "truly global"; NGOs, however, may be better suited to that stage than many companies.

John Baguley is an experienced management and fundraising consultant, and director of the International Fundraising Consultancy; which is based in the UK with partner agencies worldwide. See www.ifc.tc. He is the author of “Successful Fundraising” a comprehensive guide to fundraising published by Bibliotek Books in English. He has written extensively on fundraising, lectured and worked in all parts of the world.

John is a former Fundraising Director at Amnesty International UK, Friends of the Earth and the Medical Foundation. He has worked for Oxfam and other international development organisations. He has also served on the boards of various NFPs.

John was the first Director of International Fundraising for Amnesty's International Secretariat, and the first Director of the Soil Association. He has extensive overseas experience, and has just completed a PhD in the international development of NGOs.

John has lectured at fundraising workshops in the UK, Holland, India, Nepal, Philippines, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and helped organisations raise funds in the US, South America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Western Europe.